Pivotal roles of cGAS-cGAMP signaling in antiviral defense and immune adjuvant effects

XD Li, J Wu, D Gao, H Wang, L Sun, ZJ Chen - Science, 2013 - science.org
XD Li, J Wu, D Gao, H Wang, L Sun, ZJ Chen
Science, 2013science.org
Invasion of microbial DNA into the cytoplasm of animal cells triggers a cascade of host
immune reactions that help clear the infection; however, self DNA in the cytoplasm can
cause autoimmune diseases. Biochemical approaches led to the identification of cyclic
guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) as a
cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses. Here, we show that cells from
cGAS-deficient (cGas−/−) mice, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells …
Invasion of microbial DNA into the cytoplasm of animal cells triggers a cascade of host immune reactions that help clear the infection; however, self DNA in the cytoplasm can cause autoimmune diseases. Biochemical approaches led to the identification of cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses. Here, we show that cells from cGAS-deficient (cGas−/−) mice, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, failed to produce type I interferons and other cytokines in response to DNA transfection or DNA virus infection. cGas−/− mice were more susceptible to lethal infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) than wild-type mice. We also show that cGAMP is an adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific T cell activation and antibody production in mice.
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